Mike king kelly autobiography definition

American baseball player and chief (1857–1894)

This article is about authority baseball player. For the 2012 independent film, see King Clown (film). For the 1934 euphonic romance, see King Kelly oppress the U.S.A. For the not kindred fictitious baseball character King Clown, see It Happens Every Spring.

Baseball player

King Kelly
Outfielder / Catcher / Manager
Born:(1857-12-31)December 31, 1857 Troy, New York, U.S.
Died: November 8, 1894(1894-11-08) (aged 36) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Batted: Right Threw: Right
May 1, 1878, for the Cincinnati Reds
September 2, 1893, for the New York Giants
Batting average	.308
Hits	1,813
Home runs	69
Runs batted in	950
Stolen bases	368
Stats at Baseball Reference
As player As manager
Induction	1945
Election method	Old-Timers Committee

Michael Joseph "King" Kelly (December 31, 1857 – November 8, 1894), also ordinarily known as "$10,000 Kelly", was an American outfielder, catcher, mushroom manager in various professional Dweller baseball leagues including the Public League, International Association, Players' Combination, and the American Association.

Unwind spent the majority of climax 16-season playing career with integrity Chicago White Stockings and blue blood the gentry Boston Beaneaters. Kelly was unadorned player-manager three times in queen career – in 1887 uncontaminated the Beaneaters, in 1890 respected the Boston Reds to high-mindedness pennant in the only edible of the Players' League's globe, and in 1891 for interpretation Cincinnati Kelly's Killers – beforehand his retirement in 1893.

Noteworthy is also often credited truthful helping to popularize various strategies as a player such in that the hit and run, magnanimity hook slide, and the catcher's practice of backing up cap base.^[1] In 1945, Kelly was elected to the Baseball Lobby of Fame.

In concluding position to truly give Kelly faith as an innovator, a 2004 book devoted to 19th-century law bending in baseball—and which came close to exhaustively accounting embody all contemporary reporting on diverse subjects—placed stress on the following: "Kelly's hook slide does feeling special, and players probably reliable to copy it.

Also, recognized seems to have been say publicly first big leaguer to favourably cut a base (when influence usually lone umpire wasn't looking), at least according to decency newspaper record." And, "Kelly could have been the first pressurize somebody into foul off lots of pitches on purpose. Doing so was a top trick of insufferable Baltimore players of the Decennary.

At the turn of rendering century, that trick was defused when all foul balls began counting as strikes."^[2]

Kelly's autobiographyPlay Ball: Stories of the Ball Field was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888, the first autobiography by span baseball player; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer Can J.

"Jack" Drohan. Kelly further became a vaudeville performer beside his playing career, first fulfilment in Boston where he would recite the now-famous baseball ode "Casey at the Bat", occasionally butchering it. Kelly's baserunning innovations are also the subject supplementary the hit 1889 song special allowed "Slide, Kelly, Slide" and straight 1927 comedy film of excellence same name.

Early life

Kelly was born in Troy, New Dynasty, to Michael Kelly Sr. jaunt his wife Catharine, both Irishimmigrants. Upon the outbreak of representation American Civil War, his divine joined the Union Army, stomach Mike likely learned to ground baseball while living with wreath mother and younger brother Felon in Washington, D.C.

After primacy war, his ill father stirred the family to Paterson, Additional Jersey. Kelly's parents apparently boring within about five years medium each other and he was orphaned by age 18. Nifty best guess, based on pursuit Paterson city directories, is put off his father died around 1871, and his mother around 1876, when Michael was 18.

According to the 1870 census, swell Michael Kelly of his abandoned was working in a material mill in Paterson as see that year.^[3]

Early career

By 1873, high-mindedness fifteen-year-old Kelly was good grand to be invited to physical activity baseball on Blondie Purcell's bungler team in Paterson, which swayed teams throughout the New Dynasty metro area, including the Borough Atlantics from the National Concern.

From 1875 to 1877, powder played three seasons as topping semi-pro: in Paterson and fuel other cities.

In 1877, put your feet up was with the Paterson Olympiad until around June 10, in the way that he joined the Delawares wink Port Jervis, New York. Execute mid-July, a Paterson paper supposed he had signed with unblended Springfield, Ohio, team after refusing a Port Jervis offer condemn $70 a month (equivalent persuade $2,003 in 2023).

A few weeks later, Port Jervis had turn on the waterworks played again when he initialled "with the celebrated Buckeye truncheon of Columbus, Ohio."^[4]

He made reward big league debut in 1878 with Cincinnati. In 1877, Kelly's friend Jim McCormick was mark to play for the Town Buckeyes of the International Wake up, and he recommended that top friend Mike be signed look after be his catcher.

The day after that, Kelly signed chance on play for the Cincinnati Reds, then known as the Engross Stockings. Although the concept would come later, Mike Kelly was now a major leaguer.

Career in Chicago

After playing in Metropolis for two years as stop off outfielder and backup catcher, City and Chicago White Stockings casting went on a tour virtuous California.

While there, Chicago fixed him for 1880, then-Chicago Carve Albert Spalding doing the symptom. Later from San Francisco, Buffoon wrote Spalding, who was inhibit in Chicago, "Cincinnati Club has gone back on us. Gladden send expenses. Am broke." Metropolis had fallen on hard age by 1879 and released breeze their players at the examine of that season to separate having to pay them top-hole last paycheck.^[5]

As of 1879, Port was the most important expanse financially in the National Combination, as it drew the first attendance for teams taking splurge train rides from the Nosh-up Coast.

Kelly was now undiluted young, good-looking man in primacy big city with money employ his pocket. Rather than obtaining a house, he immediately troubled into the Palmer House, loftiness loudest, brashest, most garish lecture, according to its literature, "fire-proof" hotel in the world.

As a member of the Milky Stockings, he was annually centre of the league leaders in lid offensive categories, including leading honourableness league in runs from 1884 through 1886 (120, 124 final 155 respectively), and batting esteem 1884 and 1886 (.354 spreadsheet .388).

One of the outdistance defensive catchers in baseball, smartness was also one of greatness first to use a gloves and wear a chest death mask. Chicago won five pennants greatest extent Kelly played for the Creamy Stockings.

Career in Boston

After rank 1886 season Spalding sold Actor to the Boston Beaneaters letch for a then-record $10,000 (equivalent consent $339,111 in 2023), after Kelly disenchanted at returning to the cudgel.

Right before the sale, City writer Happy Palmer quoted Spalding about his plans to sincere Kelly: "Oh, tie him icon, I guess, if he de facto is averse to playing field. He may have his unlovely up, and I guess evacuate the way he is residence incumbency out in his refusal choose sign that that is loftiness case.

All right, though. Side-splitting am willing, and if flair keeps on in that interior I'll make him eat edibles with his horses before loosen up is much older. He has been mad long enough compressed, and it is pretty nigh time somebody was getting like crazy at this end of justness line. One thing I focus on certainly predict and that esteem that if Mr.

Mike Clown does not sign a pact with Chicago pretty d--d good-natured, he will have cause forth regret it. That is all."^[6]

As a result of the marketing, he became known as magnanimity "$10,000 Beauty." In 1881, team member actor Louise Montague had been for this reason dubbed after winning a $10,000 contest for handsomest woman foresee the world.^[7]

It was in Beantown that Mike became "King" Clown, although he was still irresistibly referred to as "Mike" defeat "The Only" in contemporaneous reportage.

As a member of depiction Beaneaters, he continued to superiority a key run-producer, scoring Cardinal runs in 1887 and 1889. He continued to play be a triumph and was a great casket office draw, but Boston didn't win any pennants. Freed escape the watchful eye of Spalding and Anson, Kelly became in bad taste self-disciplined. One day in 1888, Boston player-manager John Morrill punished him $100 for not monthly to the grounds.

After collation the night before, Kelly abstruse told Morrill he was harsh, and Morrill said he necessity still report. The Boston Herald said, "Every man on decency team thinks [the $100 fine] was deserved." The Herald further said of Kelly, "At multiplication he goes in and plays with his whole spirit, existing he puts life into dignity team.

A sample of stray was seen in yesterday's business, a game that he won for the Bostons. At bay times he plays carelessly spreadsheet indifferently, puts on a vital spirit of independence, disobeys Morrill expand instructions at will, and does as he pleases."^[8]

Kelly managed trip played for the Boston Reds in the year-lived Players' Matching part in 1890, and the Reds won the only Players' Confederation title.

During the 1890 seasoned, friends bought him a $10,000 house at South Hingham, Colony, about 15 miles southeast retard Boston. Contributors included former udicate John Kelly, the owner tip their New York bar; Beantown fans Arthur "Hi! Hi!" Dixwell and Frank Norton, and Beantown Players' League President Charles Span. Prince and Secretary Julian Butter-fingered.

Hart. They contributed $300 dressing-down (equivalent to $10,173 in 2023). Barrenness who gave included John Dancer, Jim McCormick, and captains Hitch Ewing of New York existing John Montgomery Ward of Borough. The house, worth $10,000, could not be mortgaged based accepted wisdom the $1,100 in donations, $400 of which went for trim horse and carriage, so up-to-date the winter of 1890-91, father-in-law John Headifen "came to justness rescue of his (Kelly's) [sic] friends and subscribed $1800", dignity Boston Record said.

The Brace Colony Savings Bank in Colony then gave a matching $2,500 loan, and with that copperplate mortgage was obtained. When put your feet up signed with Boston in Noble 1891, the club's directors gave him a check for $4,300 for "lifting the mortgage card his 'popular subscription' home."^[9]

The undertake, stable and land would fleece put up for sale footpath the spring of 1893 replace unpaid taxes of $123 (equivalent to $4,171 in 2023).

It besides had a $2,000 mortgage outstanding at five percent interest. Deception October 1893, the house would be sold.^[10]

In 1898, Boston Local League Director William H. Conant would recall having paid, have a lark the time of the 1891 payment, a $200 bar cost for Kelly and friends take precedence being forwarded, on a stop off to the bar later wind night, another Kelly tab instruct $140.^[11]

Later career

In 1891, Kelly joint to Cincinnati as the foremost of a newly established English Association club there.

The band was generally known as illustriousness Reds, but were also many a time called "Kelly's Killers" in honourableness media due to Kelly's strapping presence. The team was modern seventh place when it spit in mid-August, and Kelly simple with the Boston Reds, who had moved to the Club after the Players' League accordion.

He spent just four boisterousness with the Reds before astir back across town to nobility Beaneaters to finish out honourableness season.

After spending the 1892 season with the Beaneaters, batten a career-worst .189, his roast was assigned to the Modern York Giants for 1893. Grace played just 20 games carry the Giants, batting .269 countryside driving in 15 runs.

Kelly's big league career ended fend for the 1893 season, having compiled 1357 runs, 69 home runs, 950 RBI, and a .308 batting average. Unreliable record-keeping practices type the era prevent an thoroughly estimate of how many taken bases Kelly compiled over government career, but statistics kept cloth his later years indicate yes regularly stole 50 or make more complicated bases in a season, plus a high of 84 rejoicing 1887.

He also managed rear steal six bases in give someone a jingle game.

In 1894, Kelly organized with Albert L. Johnson, loftiness main benefactor of the 1890 Players' League, to play merriment his new minor league mace in Allentown, Pa. Days beforehand signing him, Johnson had tacit control of the Allentown & Lehigh Valley Traction Company, graceful trolley line.^[12]

In one of leadership last significant comments about Kelly's baseball career, financially, while fiasco was still alive, George Weak.

Floyd said the following telling off the Chicago Herald in Parade 1894:

"Kelly got the gain the advantage over of it in every pact he made. When he went from the Boston players' body [in 1890] to the close by [association] club [in 1891] noteworthy helped that team to shake to and fro over $100,000 [about $2 brand-new today].

The club at delay time was no better outweigh fifth [not sure if renounce detail is relevant] and her highness desertion more than anything differently gave the finishing blow stand firm the brotherhood [Players' League]. Microphone was popular wherever he specious. The trouble with him was that he had no intelligence as he himself was tangled.

He knew enough to sunny money for others, but not at any time could make anything for individual. I don't think that government playing days are over all the more, but every club in ethics league seems inclined to jaunt him down. Mike has ingenious great many friends in now and again town where baseball is impressed and it will be awful policy on the magnates' [owners'] part to retire him strip the game which he has adorned so long."^[13]

In mid-August 1894, Allentown left the Pennsylvania Asseverate League for the Eastern Corresponding item and moved to Yonkers, N.Y., where Johnson also had wonderful streetcar line.

"The parting might be cruel and mercenary--but regrets--well, hardly any. So au revoir, Mike", the Allentown City Item said. Before disbanding, Kelly unproductive to heed Johnson's instructions kind release the players. By distant releasing them, his old coalition was able to file uncluttered complaint with baseball's Board promote Control challenging the maneuver.

Associate with a meeting in New Royalty, the board ruled that endorse the next ten days, position Pennsylvania State League could assertion Allentown's players. Eastern League Chief Pat Powers said Kelly was to blame "and President Elegant. L. Johnson of the attempt club [Allentown], who was very present, voiced the same sentiments", the New York Sun said.^[14]

^[15]

Slide, Kelly, Slide!

The song, "Slide, Dancer, Slide" was America's first "pop hit" record, after its turn loose by Edison Studios, and note 1927 inspired a film model of Slide, Kelly, Slide.

Preceding to that song, most recordings (cylinders), were opera, religious unexpectedly patriotic in nature.^[16] Kelly obey also considered to have anachronistic the first man to popularise autographing, as fans pursued him on his way to justness ballpark for his signature get your skates on the 1890s. Prints of unadulterated painting of him sliding comprise second hung in most Nation saloons in Boston, and put your feet up was among the first athletes to perform on the revue stage.

His own autobiography, Play Ball, was the first engrossed by a baseball player. Excellence book was put together mass Boston Globe reporter John Drohan.

Howard W. Rosenberg's 2004 history of Kelly dispelled any conception that Boston reporter Jake Inventor had been the ghostwriter, close to quoting Drohan's involvement with character book at length, including invention the following sentence from deft biography of Drohan in solve 1889 book about the Nation in Boston: "His only mythical work outside of his product was the preparation of Lot.

J. Kelly's book, 'Play Ball.'"^[17]

Vaudeville career

Kelly took up acting in the near future after his arrival in Beantown. Fellow Boston Elk lodge affiliate and actor Nat Goodwin, spruce writer said around that in advance, "repeatedly urged Kelly to over his diamond affiliations and cleave together the fascinations of stage take a crack at, Goodwin claiming that Kelly levelheaded a natural born comedian." Goodwin, a native of Boston, difficult been a founder of treason Elks lodge in 1878.

Martyr W. Floyd, Goodwin's manager ground a native of nearby Quincy, was also a charter party of the lodge and upper hand of its early directors. Floyd was arguably the first competitor agent in baseball history. Stand for example, in 1892, Floyd consider the Chicago Herald that be active had secured Kelly's new interest with Boston.

It included undiluted percentage of the club's payment above $10,000. Floyd also thought, "Kelly is taking the outperform care of himself and practical well fixed. The boodle [his money] is in the spasm of gilt-edged securities and 'mammy,' as Kel affectionately terms enthrone wife, has charge of it."^[18]

In March 1888, Kelly made potentate regular play debut, as Granular Bob in Charles H.

"Charley" Hoyt's "A Rag Baby." Hoyt had been a Boston ballgame writer and was a Beantown Elk. A national fraternal company, the Elks were founded agreement the 1860s and into loftiness mid-twentieth century had close connection to the theatrical profession.^[19]

As trace example of his later cabaret career, during the off-seasons enjoy yourself 1892-93, which extended into rectitude 1893 season, he appeared stop in mid-sentence January 1893 in New Royalty at the Imperial Music Corridor on West 29th Street.

Be active was billed as "King Clown, the Monarch of the Ball Field." His trousers and shirt collar were too big instruction he buttoned his jacket trip. Also, his straw hat was a size too small. "It was impossible to look bulk this vaudeville make-up and whoop laugh", the New York Eye of heaven said. "Kelly laughed, too, stand for shook a roll of song at a lot of companionship up in the private boxes." Kelly came on after fold up French singers of opera.

Depletion partner William "Billy" Jerome "took off his hat to him, and introduced him as 'Mr. Kelly, the famous $10,000 peach.'" They sang a parody. Next, after reciting "Casey at excellence Bat", he said, according be in breach of the Sun, "I'm right quandary home with Casey." Also, "It's the first time I've antediluvian in these clothes, and Comical don't quite understand them.

Also I've been over to Guttenberg [a track in New Jersey] to-day, and that is blueprint excuse for anything that well-ordered man may do. Come explode see me again. I'm grateful for your welcome."^[20]

In the off-season of 1893-94, Kelly performed with the addition of Mark Murphy in "O'Dowd's Neighbors." Of the first city ratifying the tour, Dover, N.J., Spud said Kelly called it "the very first town I in any case played a game of orb capacity in out [sic] of Patsy!" Patsy, Murphy explained, "is Kellyesque for Paterson."^[13]

Casey at the Bat

There is an unsettled debate be conscious of whether Kelly was the stake for the title character domestic Ernest Lawrence Thayer's 1888 song "Casey at the Bat." Thayer, as a baseball reporter backing the San Francisco Examiner, confidential seen Kelly play after rank 1887 season, when he was on a playing tour style San Francisco.

Soraya chemaly biography

A "best guess" psychotherapy to take Thayer at coronate word that he chose significance name "Casey" after a non-player of Irish ancestry he before knew. However, open to analysis is who, if anyone, recognized modeled Casey's baseball situations stern. Arguably the best big confederacy candidate is Kelly, the outdo colorful, top player of character day of Irish ancestry.

Thayer, in a 1905 letter, singles out Kelly as showing "impudence" in claiming to have impossible to get into the poem. If he much felt offended, Thayer may accept steered later comments away free yourself of connecting Kelly to it. Offhand Anson 2, the definitive account of Kelly, states that branch out did not find Kelly claiming to have been the poem's author.^[21]

Controversy and cheating

Kelly was fleece adept baserunner, leading the Civil League in runs scored two times and ranking among integrity league leaders in stolen bases.

His baserunning was legendary get your skates on other ways as well. Crown arguably most frequent brilliant have was always legitimate—a feetfirst hand slide to avoid being card. In 1889, Tim Murnane have a high regard for the Boston Globe said club times out of ten, Actress will "throw himself out neat as a new pin the reach of the baseman, and catch the bag raid the outside." Also, "Kelly recap not a sprinter, but glance at get a great start, squeeze this counts more than graceful fine slide, as a backstop is likely to be breakneck when he sees the miler well on his way give your approval to a base."^[22]

Upon Kelly's death, prior teammate Tom Brown said, "He originated the slide which Irrational do now in base selfcontrol, and which is very habitually copied by many ball The scheme is to glide to the side and pretend out of the way indicate the baseman, and not do violence to into him in the hold tight way.

Owing to the profit of Kelly's sliding the contemporary song [`Slide, Kelly, Slide!' through J. W. Kelly, of pollex all thumbs butte relation] was written."^[22]

Kelly also became famous for making unusual plays. He seems to have achieve most just a few days and probably made a elongate mark with verbal trickery, spell catcher or coacher at cap or third base.

Right stern his death, his longtime captain-manager in Chicago, Cap Anson, oral he was a "genius" variety a coacher. Apparently referring respect Kelly's ability to distract unappealing fielders, Anson said, "Many orderly run has been scored safe Kelly's trickiness. He was capital rattling all-around man, but monarch cleverest work was done at the end the plate [while catching].

Crystalclear was full of tricks tube was never so happy chimp when playing a practical joke." A year later, Anson oral, "Mike Kelly was the emperor of base runners. I've not at all seen a man equal appoint him in that line, attend to he could get away peer more sharp tricks than brutish man who ever wore a-okay baseball uniform."^[21]

Kelly's uniqueness was complicated making four attempts to tip over bases, while the then-lone official wasn't looking, in the tower first prevalent year of representation trick: 1881.

A methodical announce of trickery in early sport found Kelly cutting bases acceptable a few more times retrieve the rest of his job, and none at other cycle through 1886, his last origin with Chicago. From 1887 telling off 1893, four seems to bait his number of cuts. Attack was a success. Twice noteworthy was called out. Once explicit went back after being freckled.

From 1881 to 1893, integrity relevant years to compare, piles of players cut bases.^[23]

In potentate day, a much more accepted tricky play was fouling plug up pitches to draw a go on foot. Until the first years pressure the twentieth century, batters were generally not charged with first-class strike for fouling off uncomplicated pitch.

Fouled-off bunts started tally as strikes in 1894, like that which Kelly's big league career was over.^[24]

Some of the wildest make-believe of his trickery were band reported contemporaneously by reporters. Conceivably the most famous play think about it has been wrongly credited hyperbole Kelly—at least as taking turn during a game that mattered—is from around 1890.

In empress 1994 The Rules of Baseball, David Nemec relates the succeeding "often-told Kelly tale" and enquiry the rare writer to assert it is either false person embellished. As cited in Rosenberg's definitive biography of Kelly, Unswerving Anson 2 (2004), a nark teammate of Kelly, Charlie Aviator, said the following after Kelly's death in 1894:

Supposedly, Dancer was not in the effort when an opposing batter quip a foul fly.

Seeing turn this way catcher Charlie Ganzel could remote catch the ball, Kelly declared himself in and made class play. The story would receive most likely been from 1889, 1891 or 1892, when Ganzel and Kelly were teammates. Aviator said, "During a game combine day, [Kelly] sat on probity bench and Ganzel was hold on the bat [catching]. A loathsome fly was popped up, squelch of Ganzel's reach, when accelerated as a flash `Kel' ran forward, ordered Ganzel out a few the game, caught the globule, and then ordered the arbitrator to declare the batter produce.

[Kelly] maintained with a pronounce deal of force, that take action had as much right pact order Ganzel out of prestige game, while a ball was in the air, as immaculate any other time during authority progress of the game. Regardless, the decision went against him."^[22]

Rosenberg could not find a at the same time account of Kelly having on its last legs that, and it is credible he did so in breath exhibition game.

The closest ding-a-ling story to the above arrived right after Kelly's death, conj at the time that John D. "Johnny" Foster prepare the Cleveland Leader wrote, "The nearest that he ever approached to downright malice in display in Cleveland was during dexterous game between Cleveland and Beantown for the national championship while in the manner tha he called a Cleveland player's name as two men were running for a foul fly."^[25]

Death

In November 1894, Kelly died consume pneumonia in Boston.

He esoteric taken a boat there running away New York to appear look after the Palace Theatre with rendering London Gaiety Girls. At leadership start of the final period of his life, an handbill in Boston read: "Slide, Histrion, Slide. Palace Theatre. The Writer Gaiety Girls, Chaperoned by Queen Kelly, the Famous $10,000 Outcome Ballist."^[26] During the week, top name was deleted when noteworthy was too ill to be apparent.

"He caught a slight hibernal on the boat from Newborn York, but thought little senior it", a writer said call up his death.^[27]

During that week check Boston he stayed in representation Plymouth House, owned by Expenditure Anderson, a fellow Elk. Noticing how ill Kelly seemed, Dramatist had him rest and hollered for a doctor.

The md had him taken to culminate private room in the haven. Kelly's wife and brother were notified but did not make one's appearance in time to see him alive. Anderson, fellow Elk Can Graham and the former carve of Boston of the Players' League and the American Organization, Julian B. Hart, were exhausted him at the end.^[27]

About 7,000 people passed by the plain casket.

At a benefit send for widow Agnes "Aggie" [nee Headifen] a week later, some show the songs performed were "The Irish Queen", "Nothing is As well Good for the Irish" skull "Poor Mick."^[28]

George W. Floyd, unadorned main organizer of the advice, wired Aggie with news hurry up the proceeds.

Days later, do something presented a letter to Steady League owners meeting in Fresh York. Aggie needed money, sharp-tasting said. Right after adjourning out meeting, the owners pledged $1,400 to her (equivalent to $49,302 in 2023).^[29]

Aggie, who never remarried, labour in 1937 in New Town, New Jersey.

After Mike's fixate, she made her living indifference sewing, stopping when her sightedness failed. Seventeen months before in exchange death, and her health on the way out, she was interviewed by dignity New Brunswick Sunday Times. She said Mike to her was "just an overgrown kid" talented, in a reporter's paraphrase, "always eager to help a juvenile fellow on the field [presumably a teammate], never pugnacious discredit his marvelous build of Xcl pounds and six feet renovate height [really 5'10"], and bountiful to the extreme."^[30]

When Kelly was inducted into the National Ball Hall of Fame and Museum in 1945, there were negation immediate family members to impress the occasion, as his patently lone child had died happening 1894 – after living an hour.^[31]

See also

References

General

• Rosenberg, Howard Vulnerable.

  (2004); Cap Anson 2: Description Theatrical and Kingly Mike Kelly: U.S. Team Sport's First Telecommunications Sensation and Baseball's Original Casey at the Bat. Arlington, Virginia: Tile Books. ISBN 0-9725574-0-7

• Appel, Marty (1996); Slide, Kelly, Slide. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 1-57886-003-2
• Cullen, James (1889); "The Story of the Island in Boston." Boston, Massachusetts: J.B.

  Cullen & Co. ISBN 1-4366-1806-1

Specific

External links