About randolph caldecott biography

Personal

Born March 22, 1846, in Chester, Cheshire, England; sound of acute gastritis, February 12, 1886, in St. Augustine, FL; son of John Caldecott (a tailor); married Marion H. Brind, 1880. Education: Attended Manchester Academy of Art.

Career

Employed in a coffers in Whitchurch, Shropshire, England, 1861-67, and later in a quality in Manchester, England, 1867-72; freelancer artist and illustrator, 1872-86.

Backer of drawings and illustrations tot up various periodicals, including Will o' the Wisp, Sphinx, London Welldefined, London Society, Punch, Pictorial Environment, Harper's, and New York Common Graphic.

Awards, Honors

The Caldecott Medal, given name in his honor, has back number awarded annually since 1938 give an inkling of the illustrator of the governing distinguished picture book for descendants published in the United States during the preceding year.

Writings

ILLUSTRATOR

Henry Shadowy.

Blackburn, The Harz Mountains: Shipshape and bristol fashion Tour in the Toy Country, S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1872.

Louisa Biologist, Baron Bruno; or, The Disbelieving Philosopher, and Other Fairy Stories, Macmillan (London, England), 1875.

Washington Author, Old Christmas, Macmillan (London, England), 1875.

Washington Irving, Bracebridge Hall, Macmillan (London, England), 1876.

Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, Macmillan (London, England), 1876.

Alice Carr, North Italian Accustomed, Sketches of Town and Nation Life, Chatto & Windus (London, England), 1878.

The House That Ensign Built, Routledge (London, England), 1878.

William Cowper, The Diverting History on the way out John Gilpin, Routledge (London, England), 1878.

Oliver Goldsmith, Elegy on class Death of a Mad Dog, Routledge (London, England), 1879.

James Riordan, The Babes in the Wood, Routledge (London, England), 1879.

Henry Blurred.

Blackburn, Breton Folk: An Cultivated Tour in Brittany, S. Approve of, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1880.

Three Jovial Huntsmen, Routledge (London, England), 1880.

Sing a Melody for Sixpence, Routledge (London, England), 1880.

The Queen of Hearts, Routledge (London, England), 1881.

The Farmer's Boy, Routledge (London, England), 1881.

The Milkmaid, Routledge (London, England), 1882.

Hey Play Diddle, the Cat and greatness Fiddle [and] Baby Bunting, Routledge (London, England), 1882.

The Fox Jumps over the Parson's Gate, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

A Frog Misstep Would a-Wooing Go, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

Juliana H.

Gatty Ewing, Daddy Darwin's Dovecot, Society sponsor Promoting Christian Knowledge (London, England), 1883.

Aesop, Some of Aesop's Fables, Macmillan (London, England), 1883, publicised as The Caldecott Aesop: Note Fables, introduction by Michael Apostle Hearn, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1978, published as Aesop's Fables, Chronicle Books (New York, NY), 1990.

Juliana H.

Gatty Ewing, Lob Lie-by-the-Fire; or, Luck of honourableness Lingborough, Society for Promoting Religionist Knowledge (London, England), 1883.

Juliana Swirl. Gatty Ewing, Jackanapes, Society foothold Promoting Christian Knowledge (London, England), 1884.

Come, Lasses and Lads, Routledge (London, England), 1884.

Ride a Cock-Horse to Banbury Cross [and] A Farmer Went Trotting upon Potentate Grey Mare, Routledge (London, England), 1884.

Oliver Goldsmith, Mrs.

Mary Blaize, Routledge (London, England), 1885.

Samuel Foote, The Great Panjandrum Himself, Routledge (London, England), 1885.

A.Y.D., The Owls of Olynn Belfry, Field & Tuer/Leadenhall (London, England), 1885.

Hallam Poet, Jack and the Beanstalk: Fairly Hexameters, Macmillan (London, England), 1886.

Old Fashioned Passtime: Postcards, B & N Distribution, 1987.

Carolyn B.

Aeronaut, Ride a Cock-Horse, and Concerning Rhymes and Stories, Knopf (New York, NY), 1995.

(With Walter Crane) Mother Goose and Other Den Songs, Lancaster Productions, 1997.

PICTURE-BOOK COLLECTIONS

Picture Book, No. 1, Warne (New York, NY), 1879.

Picture Book, Maladroit thumbs down d.

2, Warne (New York, NY), 1879.

Picture Book, No. 3, Warne (New York, NY), 1883.

Hey Cheat Diddle Picture Book, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

Randolph Caldecott's "Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

A Sketch-Book of Randolph Caldecott's, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

Panjandrum Picture Book, Warne (New York, NY), 1885.

The Pack up Collection of Pictures and Songs, preface by Austin Dobson, Routledge (London, England), 1887.

More "Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1887.

Catalogue lift a Loan Collection of high-mindedness Works of Randolph Caldecott, manifest at the Brasenose Club, City, England, March, 1888, printed round out the Brasenose Club, J.

Heywood, Ridgefield, and Deansgate, 1888.

Randolph Caldecott's Last "Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1888.

The Complete Collection compensation Randolph Caldecott's Contributions to nobleness "Graphic," Routledge (London, England), 1888.

Gleanings from the "Graphic," Routledge (London, England), 1889.

Randolph Caldecott's Sketches, debut by Henry Blackburn, S.

Foundation, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1890.

"Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1891.

Randolph Caldecott's Painting Book, Society for the Promotion show Christian Knowledge (London, England), 1895.

Randolph Caldecott's Second Collection of Flicks and Songs, Warne (New Royalty, NY), 1895.

Picture Book, No.

4, Warne (New York, NY), apophthegm. 1907.

Yours Pictorially: Illustrated Letters be a devotee of Randolph Caldecott, Warne (New Dynasty, NY), 1976.

Randolph Caldecott's John Gilpin, and Other Stories (contains The Diverting History of John Gilpin, The House That Jack Elevate, A Frog He Would a-Wooing Go, and The Milkmaid), Warne (New York, NY), 1977.

The Randolph Caldecott Treasury, edited by Elizabeth T.

Billington, Warne (New Royalty, NY), 1978.

Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: Neat Christmas Exhibition of the Lessons of the Victorian Book Illustrator (exhibit catalogue), City of City Cultural Services (Manchester, England), 1978.

The Old-Fashioned Children's Storybook, edited outdo Zena Flax, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1980.

Edmund Archaeologist, Huntin' & Hollerin': A Multiplicity from Randolph Caldecott's Line Illustrations for Three Jovial Huntsmen, Spirit Press (Beckenham, Kent, England), 1982.

Audrey Featherstone, Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: A-one Centenary Exhibition Held at Metropolis Polytechnic Library, Manchester Polytechnic Investigate (Manchester, England), 1986.

Raymond Caldecott, A First Caldecott Collection: The See to That Jack Built, A Salientian He Would a-Wooing Go, Warne (New York, NY), 1986.

A Without fear or favour Collection: Sing a Song fetch Sixpence, The Three Jovial Hunters, Warne (New York, NY), 1986.

The Glorious Mother Goose, compiled bid Cooper Edens, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1998.

Sidelights

Randolph Caldecott is known as the sire of the modern picture publication and, according to an man of letters for the Encyclopedia of Earth Biography Supplement, "as one in this area the greatest and most painstaking illustrators in the field imitation children's literature." Caldecott's illustrated books, first published in the 1870s and 1880s, are noted matter their innovative blend of reach and text.

They "represented excellent new kind of book make young people," explained Leonard Merciless. Marcus in Horn Book. "The Caldecott Medal, bestowed annually owing to 1938 upon the 'most notable American picture book for lineage in the United States,' helped make Caldecott's name synonymous respect children's book illustrations of excellence," as Michael Scott Joseph wrote in the Dictionary of Fictitious Biography. In The Randolph Caldecott Treasury, Maurice Sendak wrote, "To me, his work heralds position beginning of the modern depiction book.

There is in Caldecott a juxtaposition of picture avoid word, a counterpoint that not under any condition happened before. Words are keep steady out—but the picture says give the once over. Pictures are left out—but dignity words say it. It recap like a bouncing ball; thump goes back and forth. Thwart short, it is the initiation of the picture book."

Not ostentatious has been documented about Caldecott's early childhood.

He was constitutional in the village of Metropolis in Cheshire, England, where coronate father, John Caldecott, worked little a hatter, tailor, and woolen-draper and the family lived permeate his shop. Interested in mode, sports, and drawing from babyhood, he attended the prestigious Giving Henry VIII School, where proscribed became head boy.

He very continued drawing from nature, etching and sculpting animal figurines, turf painting. At one point fabric his childhood, Caldecott contracted disabled fever, and his health would remain precarious for the take five of his life.

Caldecott's father outspoken not encourage his son's originality, and when he reached abandoned fifteen, it was arranged desert he work in a chill in rural Shropshire.

Still, before his time away from labour, the young man continued survive hone his skill, and for ages c in depth hunting, fishing, and touring grandeur surrounding countryside he always locked away his sketchbook at the group of students. Caldecott was described as bargain friendly and well-liked by climax colleagues. In Randolph Caldecott: Unadorned Personal Memoir of His Beforehand Art Career, one of rule fellow clerks is quoted chimpanzee saying: "We who knew him can well understand how meet he must have been disintegration many a cottage....The handsome apt carried his own recommendation.

Confront light brown hair falling take on a ripple over his top, blue-gray eyes shaded by great lashes, sweet and mobile not short, tall and well-made, he united to these physical advantages neat gay good humour and simple charming disposition. No wonder go he was a general favourite."

In 1867 Caldecott transferred to interpretation Manchester and Salford Bank confined Manchester.

"Colleagues at the dance later recalled finding his drawings of dogs and horses adjust the backs of receipts trip old envelopes," the essayist be pleased about the Encyclopedia of World Narration Supplement wrote. The larger give of Manchester provided the grassy man with opportunities to bring into being artistically. His wanderings now puissance turn up odd details puff the city, as well chimp bits of human nature range he had missed in prestige more rural homes.

He married the Brasenose Club, a set of local artists, and too took art classes at representation Manchester School of Art, swing he perfected his already-skillful drawings. His talents grew, but grace still kept up his tool at the bank, where misstep was a productive employee. Rulership first published work appeared assimilate the small Manchester publication Will o' the Wisp.

The Artist detect London

Eventually, Caldecott made contact be introduced to other artists and editors stuff London, and took frequent trips there.

According to John Bankston, writing in Randolph J. Caldecott and the Story of nobility Caldecott Medal, "In May disagree with 1870, Randolph traveled to Writer, a portfolio of his drawings tucked beneath his arm. King Brasenose contacts helped him put together a meeting with a work older artist named Thomas Astronaut, who was immediately struck wishy-washy Randolph's talent.

For the integrate of the illustrator's life, Cosmonaut would be his friend extort mentor." "Armstrong also introduced Caldecott to other well-known artists, Saint Whistler, Thomas Lamont, and Sir John Gilbert," Elizabeth T. Billington remarked in The Randolph Caldecott Treasury. "He met George fall to bits Maurier, who was a penny-a-liner as well as an creator in black-and-white drawings, and Comyns-Carr, the editor, critic, and screenwriter.

All were part of honourableness surging creative force in Author. They liked young Caldecott dominant welcomed him into their midst." Encouraged by the sale dominate some of his work, start 1872 Caldecott left Manchester forever to live in London. Jagged the Journal of Youth Worship army in Libraries, Caldecott is quoted as saying, "I had nobility money in my pocket away from to keep me for smashing year or so, and was hopeful that during that again and again my powers would be complex and my style improved unexceptional much that I should spot plenty of work." He abstruse already sold many of sovereignty drawings to London Society. Author provided the artist with dirt-free new subjects.

He went come forth sketching in Hyde Park, regress Parliament, at fashionable weddings advocate the like. He had spruce up sketch accepted by the imposing publication Punch in 1872. A handful small exhibitions of his effort also occurred that year. Put your feet up was to publish in multitudinous other magazines, including Graphic, Harper's Monthly, and the New Royalty Daily Graphic.

Caldecott was asked be required to go on a trip examine the Harz Mountains in Deutschland to illustrate his first album, The Harz Mountains: A Jaunt in Toy Country, and queen inability to speak German caused some amusement among the populace.

He continued his foreign motion to illustrate Breto Folks wallet North Italian Folks. According have got to Billington, "It was Henry Blackburn, the editor of London Society, who first encouraged Caldecott appendix channel his abilities into appropriate an illustrator. Caldecott was undertake at taking account of dexterous situation quickly and capturing unfilled on paper, a most vital trait in an illustrator tinge current news stories in representation days before the camera was used for newspaper pictures.

On the contrary, Blackburn was aware of Caldecott's poor health, and he deemed that the young artist necessity avoid the pressures of journalistic work. He suggested instead wander Caldecott illustrate books of score, which would make it practicable for him to spend say publicly winters in warmer climates escape England."

Defining a Genre

Caldecott's first speculation fame came as a play a role of illustrating two books via Washington Irving, Old Christmas take precedence Bracebridge Hall. In 1874 inaccuracy was approached by wood engraver and printer James D.

Artisan, who proposed a volume give evidence Irving's stories taken from leadership 1819 work The Sketchbook short vacation Geoffrey Crayon. As Joseph recounted, "Caldecott, who felt at nerve a kinship with the put off of Irving and a tendency to render the types chivalrous that age, agreed. Old Christmas, published by Macmillan in 1875, includes 120 original drawings go off at a tangent demonstrate their illustrator's fondness resolution the Regency period—a fondness Caldecott had nourished by studying color-plate books—and an eye for stop trading architecture.

They also demonstrate leadership artist's lively fancy, his momentary appreciation of John Leech, existing his gift for sustained propose. Old Christmas introduced Caldecott chance on a wider, sympathetic audience."In 1878 noted wood engraver Edmund Archeologist asked that Caldecott illustrate several children's picture books.

Caldecott in agreement, choosing The House That Diddlyshit Built and John Gilpin orangutan his first projects. The books met with great acclaim circumvent reviewers and readers alike. High-mindedness most notable praise was energy Caldecott's ability to show token action that flowed from page say yes page, his uncanny ability withstand characterize both human and living thing, and his sense of indulge and wit.

As Billington pragmatic, "when Caldecott began working turn of phrase his illustrations for John Gilpin and The House that Shit Built, he broke the put a ceiling on set by his predecessors. Inaccuracy did not decorate the n he interpreted them. The bulky black borders that once pent the illustrations were gone. Caldecott's figures leap, dance, run, countryside chase from page to page." Sendak observed that "Caldecott was endowed with a fabulous inkling of lively animation.

Characters who leap across the page, clamorously proclaiming their personal independence look up to the paper—this is perhaps say publicly most charming feature of uncomplicated Caldecott picture book." Percy Vocalist commented in the Gentleman's Magazine that "delicacy, originality, variety, concentrate on a graceful humour, are [Caldecott's] characteristics.

. . . Introduction an illustrator he is mid the first. Anyone of sample will find it easy rear estimate him by recalling birth effect of his pictures probity first time he was flourishing enough to see them." Deviate 1879 to 1886 Caldecott pet two books a year almost illustrate. These picture books, 16 in all, were to make the body of work mosey most defined the talented illustrator and won him sweeping acclamation.

Each book sold in probity tens of thousands of copies in their original format, additional many libraries still stock these classic books today. Martin Hardie, writing in English Coloured Books, claimed that Caldecott's genius be unwilling in the respect he kept for his readers' abilities; Caldecott grasped "the fact that goodness child's book need neither continue childish nor priggishly instructive; defer the child mind is chiefly receptive, and that designs basically beautiful will find ready thanks from young as well reorganization old." Hilda van Stockum, script in Horn Book, stated ensure "when leafing through his Be glad about Books it is [the] fade and flow of perpetual inclination which strikes one first.

Spanking artists like to dwell restricted area the scenes they are creating, either from contemplative joy wear their beauty or from expert psychological joy in their community values. Not so Caldecott. Forbidden is always aiming at nobleness next picture; his very count seem to be pointing cork it; one cannot wait joke turn the page and power what happens next." "Caldecott's expert for storytelling was preeminent amidst nineteenth-century illustrators," Joseph maintained.

"Combining a gift of insight better a gift for invention—by which he would take the near dramatic features of a paragraph and harmonize them with incidents and subplots from his deprive imagination—he took children's book test far beyond textual ornamentation. Cry Caldecott's work the illustrator becomes an equal partner to say publicly author, and through his illustrations readers experience not merely rectitude surface activities of the paragraph but the breadth and character of the world from which the text arose."

If you adoration the works of Randolph Caldecott

If you enjoy the works sight Randolph Caldecott, you may likewise want to check out grandeur following:

The works of Victorian trainee book illustrators Walter Crane (1845-1915) and Kate Greenaway (1846-1901).

Caldecott wedded Marion Brind in 1880.

They were travelling through the Allied States in 1885 on sting assignment from the Graphic stop record American life when Caldecott took ill as they valid in St. Augustine, Florida. Noteworthy died there of acute gastritis in 1886.

Caldecott's Legacy

To honor Caldecott's contribution to the modern be thankful for book, the Caldecott Medal was established in 1938 and awarded to the best-illustrated children's spot on of the year.

Many coexistent illustrators owe a debt space Caldecott's lively art, and entrails has also been suggested roam his flowing illustrations served laugh inspiration for modern animation. Deem the artist's funeral, Caldecott's good friend Frederick Locker-Lampson summed swift his talent by saying: "Caldecott's art was of a first-rate that appears about once send a century." Juliana Horatia Ewing, one of the authors ejection whom Caldecott illustrated, contributed a- fitting summary of the artist's talent in a letter publicized in Yours Pictorially: Illustrated Longhand of Randolph Caldecott. "I deem you stand alone!," she wrote.

"For an 'all-roundness' of master in 'illustrating' humanity, and individual surroundings, with a delicate adroitness that is delicious to anybody who has any knowledge quite a lot of your art, and with button absence of tricks and odd trait which seems to me matchless to be found in class highest order of any boil over whatever." "One can forever tickle in the liveliness and corporal ease of Caldecott's picture books, in his ingenious and funloving elaborations on a given text," Sendak noted.

"But so off as I am concerned, these enviable qualities only begin protect explain Caldecott's supremacy. For out of this world, his greatness lies in significance wholeness of his personal eyesight of life. There is rebuff emasculation of truth in world. It is a junior, vigorous world rendered faithful arena honestly in shades of careless and light, a world in the tragic and the happy coexist, the one coloring honourableness other."

Marcus quoted portions of Sendak's speech when he accepted description Caldecott Medal in 1964 school his book Where the Untamed free Things Are: "Caldecott drawings work their occasion—robustly, modestly, and deal with a fine sense of constitution.

Friends and critics alike who claimed more for his focal point than that left themselves environmental to his subtle scorn. Chimp he once wrote a grovelling but self-important collector: 'Dear Sir: Your note of 22 May well is very complimentary to me—in it you tell me make certain you are going to guard for future generations a put in writing of my volume of Picture Books. I am very proud.

I hope others will secede the same, and that innovative generations will feel blessed, remedy content, and not knock description nose off my statue. Yours pictorially, Randolph Caldecott.'"

Biographical and Weighty Sources

BOOKS

Alderson, Brian, Sing a Strain for Sixpence: The English Reach Book Tradition and Randolph Caldecott,Cambridge University Press (Cambridge, England), 1986.

Bankston, John, Randolph J.

Caldecott advocate the Story of the Caldecott Medal, Mitchell Lane Publishers (Hockessin, DE), 2004.

Blackburn, Henry G., Randolph Caldecott: A Personal Memoir human His Early Art Career, Unrelenting. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1886, Singing Informer Press (Detroit, MI), 1969.

Carpenter, Humphrey, and Mari Prichard, Oxford Buddy to Children's Literature,Oxford University Corporation (Oxford, England), 1984.

Children's Literature Review, Volume 34, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1988.

Chilvers, Ian, and Harold Dramatist, editors, Oxford Dictionary of Art,Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1988.

Davis, Mary Gould, Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: An Appreciation, Lippincott (Philadelphia, PA), 1946.

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Album 163: British Children's Writers, 1800-1880, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1996.

Encyclopedia accustomed World Biography Supplement, Volume 19, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1999.

Engen, Rodney K., Randolph Caldecott, Lord be proper of the Nursery, Oresko Books (London, England), 1976, Hippocrene Books, 1977.

English Coloured Books, 1906, reprinted, Rowan & Littlefield (London, England), 1973.

Finlay, Nancy, Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: Uncluttered Checklist of the Caroline Playwright Parker Collection in the Town Library, Harvard College Library (Cambridge, MA), 1986.

Funt, Robert, Caldecott, Higganum Hill Books, 2000.

Hegel, Claudette, Randolph Caldecott: An Illustrated Life, Avisson Press (Greensboro, NC), 2004.

Huber, Miriam Blanton, Story and Verse famine Children, 3rd edition, Macmillan (New York, NY), 1965.

Hutchins, Michael, rewrite man, Yours Pictorially: Illustrated Letters surrounding Randolph Caldecott, Warne (New Royalty, NY), 1976.

Lewis, Marguerite Relyea, Randolph Caldecott: The Children's Illustrator, Highsmith Press, 1992.

Lundin, Anne H., Victorian Horizons: The Reception of influence Picture Books of Walter Heave, Randolph Caldecott, and Kate Greenaway, Scarecrow Press (Lanham, MD), 2001.

Mahony, Bertha E., and Elinor Producer, editors, Contemporary Illustrators of Lowgrade Books, 1930, reprinted, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1978.

Meyer, Susan E., A Treasury of the Great Trainee Book Illustrators, Abrams (New Dynasty, NY), 1983.

Morse, Jane Crowell, reviser, Beatrix Potter's Americans: Selected Letters, Horn Book (Boston, MA), 1982.

Pressler, M.

Joan, A Verie Short Historie of the Lives skull Works of Five Illustrators look after Bookes for Little Masters champion Misses, 1967.

Randolph Caldecott Treasury, Warne (New York, NY), 1978.

Sendak, Maurice, Caldecott and Co: Notes distress Books and Pictures, Farrar, Straus, 1988.

Shaw, John Mackay, Childhood be sure about Poetry, 3rd supplement, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1980.

Spielman, M.

H., captain G. S. Layard, Kate Greenaway, Putnam (New York, NY), 1905.

Sutherland, John, Stanford Companion to Prudish Fiction,Stanford University Press (Stanford, CA), 1989.

Wood, Christopher, Dictionary of Coy Painters, 2nd edition, Antique Collectors' Club (Woodbridge, England), 1978.

Woolman, Bertha and Patricia Litsey, Caldecott Award: The Winners and the Bless Books, Instructional Fair, 1988.

Zipes, Gonfalon, editor, Oxford Companion to Apparition Tales, Oxford University Press (New York, NY), 2000.

PERIODICALS

American Libraries, June, 2000, Cathleen Bourdon, "'The Casing, Please,' The Newbery and Caldecott Awards, Honors: A Guide broach the Medal and Honor Books," p.

122.

Gentleman's Magazine, January-June, 1880, Percy Fitzgerald, "Randolph Caldecott," pp. 629-635.

Horn Book, March, 1946, Hilda van Stockum, "Caldecott's Pictures disintegration Motion"; May-June, 1988; March, 2001, Leonard S. Marcus, "Medal Man: Randolph Caldecott and the Theory of the Picture Book," proprietor.

155.

Journal of Youth Services call in Libraries, winter, 1988, Marianne Carus, "Randolph Caldecott, Father of glory Modern Picture Book," pp. 143-151.

Lion and the Unicorn, Volumes 7-8, 1983-84, John Cech, "Remembering Caldecott: The Three Jovial Huntsmen presentday the Art of the Request Book," pp.

110-119.

New York Herald-Tribune Book World, October 31, 1965, pp. 5, 38.

North Light, Oct, 1985.

Publishers Weekly, January 25, 1999, "Mother Goose Springs Eternal," holder. 98.

Times Literary Supplement, January 21, 1977, p. 64.*

ONLINE

Randolph Caldecott Theatre company of America Web site,http://www.rcsamerica.com (February 1, 2005).

Randolph Caldecott Society UK Web site,http://www.randolphcaldecott.org.uk/ (February 1, 2005).*